Tamper-resistant cap

ABSTRACT

A cap for coupling to a medical adapter may include a housing with a closed top end and an open bottom end with legs that extend from the housing away from the bottom end. Members may extend from an inner surface of the legs to engage and secure the cap to a medical adapter or an insert configured to mate with a medical adapter. A cap may include angular ridges between a cap housing and an insert to permit rotation of the cap in single direction and prevent removal of the cap from a medical adapter. A cap may include hinged legs to permit the cap to be secured to a medical adapter by rotating the legs toward each other until a portion of a collar on each leg may be matingly joined around the medical adapter.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.17/018,882, filed Sep. 11, 2020, entitled “TAMPER-RESISTANT CAP”, whichis a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/053,572, filedAug. 2, 2018, entitled “TAMPER-RESISTANT CAP,” now U.S. Pat. No.10,773,068, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/814,302, filed Jul. 30, 2015, entitled “TAMPER-RESISTANT CAP,” nowU.S. Pat. No. 10,039,913, the disclosure of each of which isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure relates generally to products, packages, orsystems employing ports for conducting, for example, fluid through theproduct, package, or system. More particularly, the disclosure relatesto tamper-proof caps for medical products, packages, or systems thathave ports.

Products, packages, and systems used to retain and transmit medicalfluids often comprise an access port for conducting fluid. For example,a port may be incorporated into an I.V. bag, a bottle, or a Y-sitedevice installed along a fluid pathway. Through the port, a medicalfluid may be introduced or withdrawn from the product, package, orsystem. Likewise, the port can present an opportunity for the medicalfluid to become diluted, altered, or contaminated.

SUMMARY

Restricted access, through a port, to medical fluid is desired toprevent inadvertent contamination or spread of infection to the fluid.Unauthorized altering or adulteration is a serious threat to recipientsof medical fluid that may change as a result of fluid infusion throughthe port. The unauthorized withdrawal of a portion of the medical fluidmay also result in the recipient receiving an incorrect dosage ofmedical fluid. Additionally, toxic medical fluids, such as compoundsused in chemotherapy, may be harmful to a person who comes into contactwith the substance.

An aspect of the present disclosure provides a tamper-resistant cap fora medical adapter, the cap comprising: a housing having (i) an closedtop end, (ii) an opposing open bottom end, and (iii) a side wall betweenthe top end and the bottom end, the housing defining an axis extendingbetween the top end and the bottom end; a plurality of legs that extendfrom the housing away from the bottom end; a member extending radiallyfrom an inner surface of at least one leg, wherein the member comprisesa ramp surface, an engagement surface extending transversely to the rampsurface, and an apex area that transitions between the ramp surface andthe engagement surface; wherein each leg is configured to flex radiallyin relation to the axis of the housing.

In some instances, a cross-sectional width between eachradially-extending member is less than a cross-sectional width of anouter surface of a port. In some implementations, the legs combine todefine an opening. In certain instances of the present disclosure, thehousing comprises a first cross-sectional width at the bottom end thatis greater than a second cross-sectional width at the top end. In someembodiments, an outer surface of the side wall is tapered from thebottom end to the top end. In some embodiments, an outer surface of theside wall comprises a plurality of ribs disposed from the bottom end tothe top end.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a portion of each legadjacent to the member defines a collar segment extending laterally fromthe leg. In some embodiments, each collar segment defines an arc. Insome instances, each collar segment of the leg is configured to matetogether to form a collar when the plurality of legs are pivoted towardthe bottom end such that the collar is co-axial with the housing. Insome implementations, each collar segment comprises one of at least alatch and a strike configured to couple each collar segment together.Some embodiments provide each leg is pivotable about a hinge. In someembodiments, the hinge is a living hinge.

An aspect of the present disclosure provides a tamper-resistant capcomprising: a housing having (i) an closed top end, (ii) an opposingopen bottom end, and (iii) a side wall between the top end and thebottom end, the housing defining an axis extending between the top endand the bottom end; a plurality of legs that extend from the housingaway from the bottom end, wherein the housing and at least one legdefine at least one window; a tab extending from a bottom of each windowtoward the top end; and a member extending radially from an innersurface of each tab, wherein each member comprises a ramp surface, anengagement surface extending transversely to the ramp surface, and anapex area that transitions between the ramp surface and the engagementsurface.

According to certain implementations of the present disclosure, the legscombine to define an opening. In some instances, a portion of the outersurface of the side wall is tapered toward the top end. In certaininstances of the present disclosure, the housing comprises a firstcross-sectional width at the bottom end that is greater than a secondcross-sectional width at the top end.

Some embodiments provide an insert configured to mate within the housingbetween an inner surface of the top end and the engagement surface ofeach member, the insert comprising: a first end and an opposing secondend, wherein the first end defines a cavity; wherein the inner surfaceof the top end and the second end are configured such that (i) theinsert is configured to move a distance between the top end and eachengagement surface, and (ii) the housing and insert engage to rotatetogether in one direction and disengage from each other when rotated inan opposite direction.

In some instances, an inner surface of the cavity comprises a thread. Insome instances, the inner surface of the top end and the second endtogether comprise a ratchet and pawl. In some implementations, thecavity comprises a protrusion extending toward the first end. Someembodiments provide the first end further comprises a radial flange.

Additional features and advantages of the subject technology will be setforth in the description below, and in part will be apparent from thedescription, or may be learned by practice of the subject technology.The advantages of the subject technology will be realized and attainedby the structure particularly pointed out in the written description andclaims hereof as well as the appended drawings.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description andthe following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and areintended to provide further explanation of the subject technology asclaimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide furtherunderstanding of the subject technology and are incorporated in andconstitute a part of this description, illustrate aspects of the subjecttechnology and, together with the specification, serve to explainprinciples of the subject technology.

FIG. 1 illustrates a front perspective view of an embodiment of atamper-resistant cap in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates a sectional view of the tamper-resistant cap of FIG.1 .

FIG. 3 illustrates a sectional view of an embodiment of atamper-resistant cap coupled with a port in accordance with aspects ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates a front view of an embodiment of a tamper-resistantcap in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 illustrates a sectional view of the tamper-resistant cap of FIG.4 .

FIGS. 6A-6B illustrate front perspective views of an embodiment of atamper-resistant cap in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 7 illustrates a sectional view of the tamper-resistant cap of FIGS.6A-6B.

FIG. 8 illustrates a front perspective view of an embodiment of atamper-resistant cap in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 9 illustrates a front view of the tamper-resistant cap of FIG. 8 .

FIG. 10 illustrates a front perspective view of an embodiment of atamper-resistant cap in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 11 illustrates a sectional view of a housing for thetamper-resistant cap of FIG. 10 .

FIG. 12 illustrates a front perspective view of an insert for thetamper-resistant cap of FIG. 10 .

FIG. 13 illustrates a sectional view of the tamper-resistant cap of FIG.10 .

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following detailed description, specific details are set forth toprovide an understanding of the subject technology. It will be apparent,however, to one ordinarily skilled in the art that the subjecttechnology may be practiced without some of these specific details. Inother instances, well-known structures and techniques have not beenshown in detail so as not to obscure the subject technology.

A phrase such as “an aspect” does not imply that such aspect isessential to the subject technology or that such aspect applies to allconfigurations of the subject technology. A disclosure relating to anaspect may apply to all configurations, or one or more configurations.An aspect may provide one or more examples of the disclosure. A phrasesuch as “an aspect” may refer to one or more aspects and vice versa. Aphrase such as “an embodiment” does not imply that such embodiment isessential to the subject technology or that such embodiment applies toall configurations of the subject technology. A disclosure relating toan embodiment may apply to all embodiments, or one or more embodiments.An embodiment may provide one or more examples of the disclosure. Aphrase such “an embodiment” may refer to one or more embodiments andvice versa. A phrase such as “a configuration” does not imply that suchconfiguration is essential to the subject technology or that suchconfiguration applies to all configurations of the subject technology. Adisclosure relating to a configuration may apply to all configurations,or one or more configurations. A configuration may provide one or moreexamples of the disclosure. A phrase such as “a configuration” may referto one or more configurations and vice versa.

The present disclosure relates to a tamper-resistant cap for use withproducts, packages, or systems employing an access port. FIG. 1illustrates a tamper-resistant cap configured to be coupled to a port900 having an exterior threads or a ridge 902. The tamper-resistant capcomprises a housing 100 having a closed top end 102 and an opposing openbottom end 104. A side wall 106 extends between the top end 102 and thebottom end 104, and is disposed circumferentially about an axis 108extending between the top end 102 and the bottom end 104. In someembodiments, one or more apertures are disposed through the top end 102.A plurality of legs 110 extend from the housing 100 away from the bottomend 104, each leg 110 capable of flexing with respect to the axis 108. Aspace 120, defined between adjoining legs 110 and bounded at one end bythe bottom end 104, allows each leg to flex independently of anadjoining leg 110. An inner surface of at least one leg 110 includes amember 112. Each member 112 extends radially inward from the innersurface of the leg 110 toward the axis 108.

Referring to FIG. 2 , a plurality of legs 110 each comprise a member 112extending toward the axis 108. Each member 112 comprises a ramp surface114 and an engagement surface 116 extending toward the axis 108. Theramp surface 114 and the engagement surface 116 are orientedtransversely to each other. An apex area 118 is disposed at theinterface between the ramp surface 114 and the engagement surface 116.In a preferred embodiment, the cross-sectional width between the apexareas 118 of opposing radially-extending members 112 is less than thecross-sectional width of an exterior thread or ridge 902 of the port904.

Referring to FIG. 3 , the tamper-resistant cap may be coupled to a port900 by first aligning the housing 100 with the port 900 such that theaxis 108 is coaxial with the opening 904 of the port 900 and the legs110 extend from the housing 100 toward the port 900. When thetamper-resistant cap is moved towards the port 900, the ramp surfaces114 contact an exterior thread or ridge 902 on the port 900. Aspreviously discussed with respect to FIG. 1 , the space 120, definedbetween adjoining legs 110 and bounded at one end by the bottom end 104,allows each leg to flex independently of an adjoining leg 110.Additional movement of the tamper-resistant cap toward the port 900causes the legs 110 to flex radially away from the axis 108. Once thelegs 110 extend radially away from the axis 108, the tamper-resistantcap may be moved further onto the port 900 such that the apex area 118passes over the exterior ridge or thread. After the apex area 118 passesover the exterior ridge or thread, the engagement surface 116 allows thelegs to at least partially return toward the axis 108. In a preferredembodiment, the engagement surface 116 engages the exterior thread orridge 902 of the port 900 but does not cause the legs to flex radiallyoutward from the axis 108 when the tamper-resistant cap is moved in anopposite direct, away from the port 900.

Referring to the embodiments of FIGS. 4-5 , a tamper-resistant capcomprises a housing 200 having a closed top end 202, an opposing openbottom end 204, and a sidewall 206 extending between the top end 202 andbottom end 204. The sidewall 206 is disposed circumferentially about anaxis 208 extending between the top end 202 and the bottom end 204. Theexterior surface of the housing has a first cross-sectional width at thebottom end 204 and a second cross-sectional width at the top end 202. Ina preferred embodiment, the first cross-sectional width is greater thanthe second cross-sectional width. In some embodiments, the exteriorsurface of the sidewall 206 includes a transition step 207 between thebottom end 204 and the top end 202. A plurality of ribs 222 are disposedon the sidewall 206 and extend from the bottom end 204 to the top end202. The ribs 222 extend over the transition step 207 and are taperedfrom the first cross-sectional width at the bottom end 204 to the secondcross-sectional width at the top end 202. In some embodiments, theexterior is sidewall 206 is tapered between the bottom end 204 the topend 202.

Referring to FIG. 5 , a plurality of legs 210 extend from the housing200 away from the bottom end 204. A member 212 is disposed on an innersurface of at least one leg 210. Each member 212 extends radially inwardfrom the leg 210 toward the axis 208. Each member 212 comprises a rampsurface 214 and an engagement surface 216 extending toward the axis 208.An apex area 218 is disposed at the interface between the ramp surface214 and the engagement surface 216. In a preferred embodiment, thecross-sectional width between the apex areas 216 of opposingradially-extending members 212 is less than the cross-sectional width ofthe exterior thread or ridge 902 of the port 900.

In some embodiments, the housing 200 and legs 210 define a space betweeneach of the legs 210, thereby allowing each leg 210 to flexindependently of the adjoining leg 210. In a preferred embodiment, thespace defined by the housing 200 and legs 210 is an opening 220. Theopening 220 allows the tamper-resistant cap to be coupled to a port on adevice having an irregular area immediately adjacent to the port. Forexample, the opening 220 allows the tamper-resistant to be coupled to aY-site (not shown) having a first branch and a second branch. When thetamper-resistant cap is coupled to a port on the first branch of aY-site, the second branch extends through the opening 220.

FIGS. 6A-7 illustrate a tamper-resistant cap comprises a housing 300having a closed top end 302, an opposing open bottom end 304, and asidewall 306 extending between the top end 302 and bottom end 304. Thesidewall 306 is disposed circumferentially about an axis 308 extendingbetween the top end 302 and the bottom end 304.

A plurality of legs 310 extend from the top end 302 of the housing 300toward the bottom end 304. Each leg is pivotably coupled at the top end302 by a hinge 330. The hinge 330 allows each leg to pivot toward andaway from the bottom end 304 along a plane parallel or substantiallyparallel to the axis 308, such that each leg can extend outward asdepicted in FIG. 6B. In some embodiments, the hinge 330 is a thinflexible living hinge between each leg 310 and the top end 302.

A portion of each leg 310 adjacent to the member 312 defines a collarsegment 324 extending laterally from the leg 310. Each collar segment324 is shaped as an arc whereby a collar is formed when each leg 310having a collar segment 324 is pivoted toward the axis 308. The collarportions 324 are configured to mate together to form a collar around theaxis 308 of the housing 300. In some embodiments, the collar segments324 mate together using a latch 326 and a strike 328 between each collarsegment 324. In a preferred embodiment, a mating surface of each collarsegment 324 comprises one of at least a latch 326 and a strike 328.

Referring to FIG. 7 , a member 312 is disposed on an inner surface ofeach leg 310. Each member 312 extends radially inward from the leg 310toward the axis 308. Each member 312 comprises an engagement surface 316extending toward the axis 308, and an apex area 318. In a preferredembodiment, the cross-sectional width between the apex areas 318 ofopposing radially-extending members 312 is less than the exterior threador ridge 902 of the port 900.

The tamper-resistant cap of FIGS. 6A-7 can be coupled to a port 900 byfirst aligning the bottom end 304 of the housing 300 with the port 900such that the axis 308 is coaxial with the opening 904 of the port 900.The legs 310 may then be pivoted toward the bottom end 304 until acollar segment 324 is adjacent to an outer surface of the port 900, andthe engagement surface 316 is adjacent to an exterior thread or ridge902 of the port 900. Each collar segment 324 may then be coupledtogether by engaging each latch 326 and strike 328 combination. Once thecollar segments are 324 are engaged, the engagement surface 316 abutsthe exterior thread or ridge 902 of the port 900 but does not cause thelegs to flex away from the axis 308 when the tamper-resistant cap ismoved in an opposite direct, away from the port 900.

Referring to FIGS. 8-9 , a tamper-resistant cap comprises a housing 400having a closed top end 402, an opposing open bottom end 404, and asidewall 406 extending between the top end 402 and bottom end 404. Thesidewall 406 is disposed circumferentially about an axis 408 extendingbetween the top end 402 and the bottom end 404. The exterior surface ofthe housing has a first cross-sectional width at the bottom end 404 anda second cross-sectional width at the top end 402. In a preferredembodiment, the first cross-sectional width is greater than the secondcross-sectional width. In some embodiments, a portion of the exteriorsurface of the sidewall 406, between the first cross-sectional width atthe bottom end 404 and the second cross-sectional width at the top end402, includes a transition step 407.

A plurality of legs 410 extend from the housing 400 away from the bottomend 404. In some embodiments, a window 432 is defined by the housing 400and at least one leg 410. A tab 434 extends from an edge of each window,towards the top end 402. Preferably, the tab 434 extends from an edge ofthe window opposite the top end 402. A member 412 is disposed on aninner surface of each tab 434. Each member 412 extends radially inwardfrom the tab 434 toward the axis 408. Each member 412 comprises a rampsurface 414 and an engagement surface 416 extending toward the axis 408.An apex area 418 is disposed at the interface between the ramp surface414 and the engagement surface 416. In a preferred embodiment, thecross-sectional width between the apex areas 418 of opposingradially-extending members 412 is less than the cross-sectional width ofthe exterior thread or ridge 902 of the port 900.

In some embodiments, an opening 420 is defined by the housing 400 andlegs 410 between each of the legs 410. The opening 420 allows thetamper-resistant cap to be coupled to a port on a device having anirregular area immediately adjacent to the port. For example, theopening 420 allows the tamper-resistant to be coupled to a Y-site (notshown) having a first branch and a second branch. When thetamper-resistant cap is coupled to a port on the first branch of aY-site, the second branch extends through the opening 420.

In some embodiments, a plurality of ribs are disposed on the sidewall406 and extend from the bottom end 404 to the top end 402. The ribsextend over the transition step 407 and are tapered from the firstcross-sectional width at the bottom end 404 to the secondcross-sectional width at the top end 402. In some embodiments, theexterior sidewall 406 is tapered between the bottom end 404 the top end402.

The tamper-resistant cap may be coupled to a port 900 by first aligningthe housing 400 with the port 900 such that the axis 408 is aligned andcoaxial with the opening 904 of the port 900 and the legs 410 extendingfrom the housing 400 toward the port 900. When the tamper-resistant capis moved towards the port 900, the ramp surfaces 414 contact an exteriorthread or ridge 902 on the port 900. Additional movement of thetamper-resistant cap toward the exterior thread or ridge 902 causes thetabs 434 to flex radially away from the axis 408. Once the tabs 434extend radially away from the axis 408, the tamper-resistant cap may bemoved further onto the port 900 such that the apex area under 418 passesover the exterior thread or ridge 902. After the apex area 418 passesover the exterior ridge or thread, the engagement surface 416 allows thelegs to at least partially return toward the axis 408. In a preferredembodiment, the engagement surface 416 engages the exterior thread orridge 902 of the port 900 but does not cause the legs to flex radiallyoutward from the axis 408 when the tamper-resistant cap is moved in anopposite direct, away from the port 900.

FIGS. 10-13 illustrate a tamper-resistant cap comprising a housing 500and an insert 550. The housing 500 has a closed top end 502, an opposingopen bottom end 504, and a sidewall 506 extending between the top end502 and bottom end 504. The sidewall 506 is disposed circumferentiallyabout an axis 508 extending between the top end 502 and the bottom end504. A plurality of legs 510 extend from the housing 500 away from thebottom end 504.

Referring to FIG. 11 , the housing 500 and legs 510 define a spacebetween each of the legs 510, thereby allowing each leg 510 to flexindependently of the adjoining leg 510. A member 512 is disposed on aninner surface of each leg 510. Each member 512 extends radially inwardfrom the leg 510 toward the axis 508. Each member 512 comprises a rampsurface 514 and an engagement surface 516 extending toward the axis 508.An apex area 518 is disposed at the interface between the ramp surface514 and the engagement surface 516. The inside surface of the top end502 of the housing 500 comprises a circumferential series of angularridges 536.

FIG. 12 illustrates an insert 550 having a first end 552 and an opposingsecond end 554. The insert 550 defines a flange 556, disposed at thefirst end 552 and extending radially away from the insert 550. In apreferred embodiment, the cross-sectional width between the apex areas518 of opposing members 512 is less than the cross-sectional width ofthe flange 556.

The insert 550 further defines a cavity through the first end 552extending partially toward the inside surface of the second end 554. Insome embodiments, an inside surface of the cavity comprises a threadedsurface 558. In some embodiments, a protrusion 560 extends from theinside surface of the second end 554 toward the first end 552. In apreferred embodiment, the protrusion 560 extends past a plane defined bythe first end 552. The outside surface of the second end 552 comprises acircumferential series of angular ridges 538. The angular ridges 538 ofthe second end 552 are oriented in an opposite direction to the angularridges 536 of the top end 502.

Referring to FIG. 13 , the housing 500 and insert 550 are coupledtogether by aligning the legs 510 of housing 500 with the second end 554of the insert 550. When the housing 500 is moved towards and over theinsert 550, the ramp surfaces 514 contact the flange 556 and cause thelegs 510 to flex radially away from the axis 508. Once the legs 510extend radially away from the axis 508, the housing 500 may be movedfurther over the insert 550 such that the apex area 518 passes over theflange 556, allowing the legs 510 to at least partially return towardthe axis 508. The insert 550 is retained within the legs 510 of thehousing 500, between the inside surface of the top end 502 and theengagement surface 516.

Because the distance between the first end 552 and the second end 554 ofthe insert 550 is less than the distance between the inside surface ofthe top end 502 and the engagement surface 516, the insert 550 can movea distance between the inside surface of the top end 502 and theengagement surface 516.

When the top end 502 of the housing 500 is moved toward the second end554 of the insert 550, the angular ridges 536 of the housing 500 engagewith the angular ridges 538 of the insert 550 thereby allowing thehousing 500 and insert 550 to rotate together in a first direction. Whenthe housing 500 is moved away from the second end 554, or the rotated ina second, opposite direction, the angular ridges 536 of the housing 500disengage from the angular ridges 538 of the insert 550. In someembodiments, the tamper-resistant cap is coupled to a port 900 by firstaffixing the insert 550 to the port 900. In a preferred embodiment, theinsert 550 is coupled to the port 900 using the threads 558 such thatthe protrusion 560 extends into the port 900. Next, the housing 500 iscoupled to the insert 550, whereby the combined housing 500 and insert550 may engage to rotate in a first direction, but disengage when turnedin a second, opposite, direction. In some embodiments, the housing 500and insert 550 are first coupled together. Next, the threads 558 of theinsert 550 are aligned with a port 900. The housing 500 is then movedtowards the insert 550 such that the angular ridges 536 and 538 engageeach other and allow the housing 500 and insert 550 to be rotated in afirst direction, thereby coupling the housing 500 and insert 550 to theport 900.

The foregoing description is provided to enable a person skilled in theart to practice the various configurations described herein. While thesubject technology has been particularly described with reference to thevarious figures and configurations, it should be understood that theseare for illustration purposes only and should not be taken as limitingthe scope of the subject technology.

There may be many other ways to implement the subject technology.Various functions and elements described herein may be partitioneddifferently from those shown without departing from the scope of thesubject technology. Various modifications to these configurations willbe readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and generic principlesdefined herein may be applied to other configurations. Thus, manychanges and modifications may be made to the subject technology, by onehaving ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the scope ofthe subject technology.

As used herein, the phrase “at least one of” preceding a series ofitems, with the term “and” or “or” to separate any of the items,modifies the list as a whole, rather than each member of the list (i.e.,each item). The phrase “at least one of” does not require selection ofat least one of each item listed; rather, the phrase allows a meaningthat includes at least one of any one of the items, and/or at least oneof any combination of the items, and/or at least one of each of theitems. By way of example, the phrases “at least one of A, B, and C” or“at least one of A, B, or C” each refer to only A, only B, or only C;any combination of A, B, and C; and/or at least one of each of A, B, andC.

Furthermore, to the extent that the term “include,” “have,” or the likeis used in the description or the claims, such term is intended to beinclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprise” as “comprise” isinterpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim. The word“exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, orillustration.” Any embodiment described herein as “exemplary” is notnecessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over otherembodiments.

A reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “oneand only one” unless specifically stated, but rather “one or more.” Theterm “some” refers to one or more. All structural and functionalequivalents to the elements of the various configurations describedthroughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known tothose of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein byreference and intended to be encompassed by the subject technology.Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to thepublic regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited inthe above description.

While certain aspects and embodiments of the subject technology havebeen described, these have been presented by way of example only, andare not intended to limit the scope of the subject technology. Indeed,the novel methods and systems described herein may be embodied in avariety of other forms without departing from the spirit thereof. Theaccompanying claims and their equivalents are intended to cover suchforms or modifications as would fall within the scope and spirit of thesubject technology.

What is claimed is:
 1. A tamper-resistant cap for a medical adapter, thetamper-resistant cap comprising: a housing having a closed top end, anopen bottom end opposite to the closed top end, and a side wall betweenthe top end and the bottom end, the housing defining an axis extendingbetween the top end and the bottom end; and a plurality of legsextending from the housing in a direction toward the bottom end, whereineach leg of the plurality of legs is pivotably coupled to the top endand comprises a collar segment; wherein the collar segment of each legof the plurality of legs is configured to mate together to form a collarwhen the plurality of legs are pivoted toward the axis.
 2. Thetamper-resistant cap of claim 1, wherein the collar segment of each legof the plurality of legs extends laterally from the respective leg ofthe plurality of legs.
 3. The tamper-resistant cap of claim 2, whereinthe collar segment of each leg of the plurality of legs defines an arc.4. The tamper-resistant cap of claim 1, wherein the collar segment ofeach leg of the plurality of legs comprises a member extending radiallyinward from an inner surface of the collar.
 5. The tamper-resistant capof claim 1, wherein each collar segment of each leg of the plurality oflegs comprises one of at least a latch and a strike configured to coupleeach collar segment together.
 6. The tamper-resistant cap of claim 1,wherein each leg is pivotable about a hinge.
 7. The tamper-resistant capof claim 6, wherein the hinge is a living hinge.
 8. A tamper-resistantcap for a medical adapter, the tamper-resistant cap comprising: ahousing having a closed top end, an open bottom end opposite to theclosed top end, a side wall between the top end and the bottom end, anda plurality of legs, the housing defining an axis extending between thetop end and the bottom end, and at least one leg of the plurality oflegs comprising a member extending radially inward from an inner surfaceof the at least one leg; and an insert comprising a first end and ansecond end opposite to the first end, the first end forming a cavity,wherein the insert is positioned within the housing between an innersurface of the top end of the housing and the member of the at least oneleg, such that insert is movable a distance between the inner surface ofthe top end of the housing and the member of the at least one leg, andthe inner surface of the top end of the housing and the second end ofthe insert are configured to engage against each other to rotatetogether in a first direction and to disengage from each other when anyof the housing and the insert are rotated in an second direction that isopposite to the first direction.
 9. The tamper-resistant cap of claim 8,wherein the member of the at least one leg comprises a ramp surface, anengagement surface extending transversely to the ramp surface, and anapex area that transitions between the ramp surface and the engagementsurface, and wherein the engagement surface is configured to engageagainst the first end of the insert.
 10. The tamper-resistant cap ofclaim 8, wherein each leg of the plurality of legs is configured to flexradially in relation to the axis of the housing.
 11. Thetamper-resistant cap of claim 10, wherein each leg of the plurality oflegs is spaced apart from an adjoining leg of the plurality of legs suchthat each leg of the plurality of legs is configured to flexindependently of the adjoining leg of the plurality of legs.
 12. Thetamper-resistant cap of claim 8, wherein the inner surface of the topend and the second end together comprise a ratchet and pawl.
 13. Thetamper-resistant cap of claim 8, wherein an inner surface of the cavitycomprises a thread.
 14. The tamper-resistant cap of claim 8, wherein thecavity comprises a protrusion extending toward the first end.
 15. Thetamper-resistant cap of claim 14, wherein the protrusion extends past aplane defined by the first end of the insert.
 16. The tamper-resistantcap of claim 8, wherein the first end of the insert comprises a radialflange.
 17. The tamper-resistant cap of claim 16, wherein each leg ofthe plurality of legs comprises the member having an apex area, and across-sectional width defined between the apex area of each leg of theplurality of legs is less than a cross-sectional width of the radialflange.
 18. The tamper-resistant cap of claim 8, wherein the innersurface of the top end of the housing comprises a first circumferentialseries of angular ridges.
 19. The tamper-resistant cap of claim 18,wherein the second end of the insert comprises a second circumferentialseries of angular ridges, and wherein the second circumferential seriesof angular ridges are oriented in an opposite direction to the firstcircumferential series of angular ridges.
 20. The tamper-resistant capof claim 8, wherein a distance between the first end and the second endof the insert is less than the distance between the inner surface of thetop end of the housing and the member.